A number of experiments with artificially simulated rainfalls were conducted to study the effects of straw mulch and stubble on soil and water conservation． The results show that both straw mulch and stubble delayed the runoff initiating time，by 427% and 19% for the treatments with straw mulch applications of 5 000 and 3 000 kg/hm2，and by 107% and 76% for the treatments with 30 cm high stubble and the combination of 15 cm low stubble and straw mulch，respectively． Compared with the control，the cumulative amount of runoff and sediment was reducedby 61． 72% and 86． 7% in the treatment with straw mulch application of 5 000 kg/hm2，and by 6． 26% and 60． 1%with straw mulch application of 3 000 kg/hm2，respectively． Straw mulch，especially with high application rates，could effectively control soil water erosion． In contrast，30 cm high stubble reduced soil erosion by 62． 9% and 15 cm low stubble by 25． 6%． Both of the stubble treatment could effectively reduce the soil erosion，but showed no significant effect on surface runoff．